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A Constitution for Slaves

That “America Needs A New Constitution” sounds radical, but not to George Kenney.

The men who wrote the Constitution devised it, above all else, to make possible a compromise, a union between North and South, for defense against foreign adversaries and for active expansion toward the West. The South agreed only because the Constitution guaranteed a wealthy minority — Southern slave holders — disproportionate control over national policy. [1] We forget this sordid history because it’s convenient to do so, but also at our peril.

Despite the eventual abolition of slavery the Constitution’s procrustean rules long outlasted the purposes for which they were intended, yet, unfortunately, have proven a suitable non-sectional means for subsequent privileged generations, the super rich, to continue the abuse of large numbers of people. Our rules define not merely an undemocratic system, but a fundamentally anti-democratic one. What worked for the antebellum plantation owner works just fine for the Wall Street plutocrat, and others.

The system has three critical flaws: The Senate, the Electoral College, and the states.

George William Van Cleve talked on Kenney’s podcast about the history of the Constitution and his book, A Slaveholders’ Union: Slavery, Politics, and the Constitution in the Early American Republic

After its early introduction into the English colonies in North America, slavery in the United States lasted as a legal institution until the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865. But increasingly during the contested politics of the early republic, abolitionists cried out that the Constitution itself was a slaveowners’ document, produced to protect and further their rights. A Slaveholders’ Union furthers this unsettling claim by demonstrating once and for all that slavery was indeed an essential part of the foundation of the nascent republic. In this powerful book, George William Van Cleve demonstrates that the Constitution was pro-slavery in its politics, its economics, and its law. He convincingly shows that the Constitutional provisions protecting slavery were much more than mere political compromises–they were integral to the principles of the new nation. By the late 1780s, a majority of Americans wanted to create a strong federal republic that would be capable of expanding into a continental empire. In order for America to become an empire on such a scale, Van Cleve argues, the Southern states had to be willing partners in the endeavor, and the cost of their allegiance was the deliberate long-term protection of slavery by America’s leaders through the nation’s early expansion. Reconsidering the role played by the gradual abolition of slavery in the North, Van Cleve also shows that abolition there was much less progressive in its origins–and had much less influence on slavery’s expansion–than previously thought. Deftly interweaving historical and political analyses, A Slaveholders’ Union will likely become the definitive explanation of slavery’s persistence and growth–and of its influence on American constitutional development–from the Revolutionary War through the Missouri Compromise of 1821.

American historiography has moved definitively from the hagiography of the Founders to Van Cleve’s book. But, after reading C. Vann Woodward and Eric Foner on Reconstruction, Redemption, Jim Crow, and the Progressive Era, it seems Van Cleve has centered the debate in the last place anyone else wanted to have it: during the Founding.

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Filed under: Academia, History, Podcasts, Politics, USA Tagged: electric politics, george kenney, george william van cleve, slavery. constitution

Friday Night

When you come to Korea, there's one thing you have to get used to. It's not the language. It's not the kimchi. It's the ubiquitous fried chicken restaurants sprinkled throughout a town.



That video was recorded in the fall of 2009 and not a lot has changed. Jo and I have been on a little fried chicken bender as of late, having had it several times this past week. All at different restaurants. By far, the best we've had so far was Chicken Maru (the one located at the end of the block in the above video). The beer was priced right as well.

Following dinner, Jo and I opted to take a walk around town. We did this for two reasons. We wanted to test out her new camera at night and also spend some quality date time together. What normally is a 30 minute walk home took 2 hours and was a blast.

Probably our favorite moment was buying the glowing key chains. They're so cute. We got several comments on them over the weekend when we were out in Seoul. That video will be out later this week and features significant photo contributions by Jo to complement the video and score. Until then, I leave you with a walking tour of Dongtan at night.

It was an amazing weekend! The 2010 Busan International...









It was an amazing weekend! The 2010 Busan International Fireworks Festival ended on Saturday night. My friend from high school, Audrina, brought four of her girlfriends from Gumi and we went from Busan Station to Seomeyeon to Haeundae to Gwangalli. The crowds were insane, but it was totally worth it, because the fireworks were magnificent.

Had a lovely, lazy Sunday, and now I’m ready for Halloween Week at school!

About 

Hi, I'm Stacy. I'm from Portland, Oregon, USA, and am currently living in Busan, South Korea. Check me out on: Tumblr, Twitter, Instagram, Lastfm, and Flickr.

 

Korean Gender Reader

( Source )

After a long hiatus, I’ve finally found a way to continue this series despite my much greater workload (and other commitments) this semester: simply bookmarking stories as soon as they arise, then passing them on the moment I have 10 of them. And in particular, by making sure to dispense with the usual lengthy analysis.

Alas, 1500 words later, I’m still trying to figure out what happened to that last exactly. But in the meantime, here are the stories in the order that I came across them at least, albeit with one exception for the most eye-catching one…

1) Like GirlFriday of Dramabeans said of the above poster for Pretty Romance (쩨쩨한 로맨스), what’s wrong with equal implied-nakedness?

2) South Korean military developing separate uniforms for female soldiers

Was anybody else surprised to learn that there weren’t already female uniforms in use? In 2010?

In the Defense Ministry’s defense though (no pun intended), there are actually only 6000 female soldiers out of a total of 655,000 in the armed forces, so the delay is somewhat understandable.

Which begs the question of why female soldiers in the US have also had to wait then, considering there’s over 160,000 of them!

3) 33 year-old female teacher has sexual relationship with 15 year-old student

See the Korea Times for the basic details, and Gusts of Popular Feeling, Brian in Jeollanam-do, and The Marmot’s Hole for a great deal of analysis and discussion (even the parody site The Dokdo Times has some good points).

In particular, note that while the teacher was fired from her job, she will not actually be charged with anything, as this case has – once and for all – conclusively demonstrated that the age of consent in South Korea is 13, one of the lowest in the world. And if this case has a silver lining, it is that it will at least lead to greater awareness and discussion of that, particularly in the context of a great deal of concern already having been raised about the alleged prostitution of and overly sexual performances of underage entertainers.

Unfortunately however, currently Korea is also in the grip of what is effectively an internet witch-hunt against her, which – however deserved one may feel it is – is not without its problematic elements.

4) Korea’s birthrate is the 3rd lowest in the world

That’s according to the U.N. Population Fund’s State of World Population Report for 2010, although rather confusedly it also says that South Korea’s population is 48.5 million, whereas it has just been widely reported in the Korean press that Korea’s population has in fact reached 50 million.

Update: There are many reasons why Korea’s birthrate is so low of course, but if Mike in Busan’s recent experiences are anything to go by, then the effect of the appalling service provided by some maternity hospitals may also play a large role in that.

For the record, those hospitals my 2 daughters were born at were both fine, although I was rather surprised that the one my first daughter was born at – also a maternity hospital – didn’t have incubators with their own oxygen supply, which meant my 2nd (very premature) daughter had to be born at a general hospital instead. It was not a fun ride in the ambulance going between them at 3am while carrying a sleepy 2 year-old, let alone for my wife.

( Source )

5) Menses celebration day established

Granted, this news sounds a little strange at first, and the young girls themselves look somewhat less than thrilled about it. But I think this idea deserves some definite respect:

Young girls who started menstruation early cut a big rice cake with representatives of medical doctor’s organizations at a convention to announce foundation of “Menses Day” (초경의 날) by the Korean Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (KAOG; 대한산부인과의사회) at the Lotte Hotel in Seoul, Oct. 20.

KAOG said that it adopted Oct. 20 as Menses Day to promote the importance of menstruation as a natural part of development, and to improve social awareness.

Alas, perhaps it is unfortunate that this being promoted by KAOG and not by, say, the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family Affairs (여성가족부/MOGEF), which might have indicated that the government is also more sympathetic to addressing the urgent need for sex education here. But of course I have nothing against KAOG itself(!), and I’m happy to report that it is pro-choice too, and not to be confused with the Korean Gynecological Physicians’ Association (GYNOB; 진오비) that supports the Lee Myung-bak Administration’s criminalizing of abortion.

As for Menses Day itself, if it takes off then it may have very positive effects in the long term. For even in the UK, teenagers generally feel that masturbation is natural for boys, but shameful, wrong, and dirty for girls, and my own experience suggests that, if anything, those perceptions are much stronger in Korea. Teach girls that their bodies are in fact something to be celebrated rather than be embarrassed of though, then they’re much more likely to have satisfying sex lives in the future (unlike all too many married Korean women, who effectively have no sex lives).

6) Challenging stereotypes of oversexed foreign women

Charged with negatively impacting Koreans’ perceptions of all foreign women because of their promiscuity, Korean “dating bloggers” and many others have (rightly) responded angrily to accusations. But spread over many posts, blogs, and hundreds of comments though, the ensuing discussion is a little difficult to follow, so I highly recommend reading I’m no Picassos post for an excellent summary of the issues raised, and her own rebuttal.

For further context, see my Korean Sociological Image #18: Sexualizing Caucasian Women also.

( Source: Baby Black )

7) It pays to hire women in countries that won’t

As I have long noted, it is simply crazy to educate women to such world-high standards, only then to fire them and/or make it virtually impossible to work after either turning 30, getting married, or (especially) having children. And indeed, Korea remains the only country in the OECD where the more highly educated a woman is, actually the less likely she is to be employed.

If Korean companies won’t hire them however, then eventually more and more foreign companies will, as recently noted by the Harvard Business School and The Economist.

Update: The Idiot’s Collective also has a post about this.

8) No, morons, a love hotel is not a brothel

A self-explanatory post from Brian in Jeollanam-do, on articles in foreign newspapers over the accommodation provided for the first Korean Grand Prix. Like he says:

Because of my affinity for love motels, I’m sensitive to what’s unsurprisingly a lazy post that gets it wrong—and looks quick to jump on the “news of the weird” theme that runs through so much international news out of Asia in western sources—starting with the photograph that accompanied it.

See his “Motels and Hotels” category for more practical information about them. And for those more interested in the historical and sociological aspects of them, see my A Penetrating New Look at Japanese and Korean Love Hotels for a book on the history of their development.

9) Pink glove charity event in Seoul

Apologies to 10 Magazine for only noticing their post about it 40 minutes before the actual event on Saturday. And I was quite surprised too, as The Korea Times at least argues that Koreans are generally aloof to the Pink Ribbon campaign as a whole.

Did anyone attend? If so, please let me know how it went!

10) Female protester makes big change in the conservative education sector

As I reported in August (see #8 here):

…the civil service remains one of the few institutions after the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997 which still provides  “jobs for life”, unlike the rest of the Korean economy which now has the highest number of irregular workers in the OECD. Consequently, the various exams are extremely competitive, and indeed one of my own sisters-in-law spent over 4 years studying for hers before finally qualifying…for a series of grueling interviews, which many applicants still fail (including a friend of mine), but fortunately she made it through those as well.

Why this is a gender issue is because despite the difficulties, at least it is entirely meritocratic, and as such it has a disproportionate number of female applicants…

Regardless of the exam, the various ministries involved in its administration are legally required to inform the public well in advance of the number of jobs that will ultimately be available for successful applicants. But with one exception: the Teacher Certification Examination (TCE). So, not only was it devastating news for those taking the integrated social studies and the integrated science version yesterday to discover that there were actually no jobs available, thereby rendering years of study (for most of them) essentially meaningless, but only being told 4 weeks ago greatly compounded that blow.

( Source )

Not content to meekly write-off the last 4 years of her life because of bureaucratic indifference however, 28 year-old applicant Cha Young-ran decided to do something about it. As reported in Global Voices, she single-handedly protested in front of the Ministry of Education building, and within 30 minutes was whisked inside to discuss her problem with officials, who brought the TCE  in line with all other examination bodies that are legally required to give 6 months notice a few days later. As Global Voices says:

Cha’s request for change was a demand that anyone with a social conscience could have made. However, Cha was the one who actually took action and with a zest of fresh ideas, a rare change was made in one of the most rigidly bureaucratic areas of Korean life.

Here’s hoping she will be the inspiration for similar challenges to Korea’s “Just Bear It” mentality in the future.

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Filed under: Korean Gender Reader Tagged: Cha Young-ran, 노량진녀, 대한산부인과의사회, 쩨쩨한 로맨스, 초경의 날, KAOG, Menses Day, Pretty Romance, The Korean Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
  

 

Brian Myers and My Demons

Dr. Brian Myers – on Let’s Talk Busan (with Kenneth May) – always brings out a certain demon in my spirit. On one hand, I was an analyst and linguist for the U.S. Army. I listened to North Koreans (very boring job). I worked with some of the most annoying South Koreans on the planet. It seems like a niche market, right? I mean how many hundreds get to study Korean and listen to North Koreans. On the other hand, I’ve never visited the DPRK, and I really don’t see myself doing so in my lifetime. Gulags, poverty…what’s interesting in any of that. I can’t even amass the sort of evidence a dilettante would need to become an expert. And, need I remind you in this venue, I’m mercifully no longer an analyst. I live in the better Korea now, and I married one of the better sort of Koreans. But, I’m no longer a koreaphile.

What has happened is, that I’ve become interested in the aspects of Korean history I can share with other civilians – that’s you reading this now – and how Korea relates to the big questions. Is there a social science? Are humans genocidal sadists? Is there a more advanced species in humanity’s future? Can I make my wife high priestess of a new religion based on the consumption of tea (I’m joking!)? Can I erase every stupid, immoral, and wasteful word humanity ever thought and uttered and distill reason into the shortest terms possible, without surpassing every evil the Nazis or Inquisition ever committed?

So, Myers seems insufficiently skeptical to me. It’s not just that I think culture as an academic parlor game is a halfway house between scoundrels and liars. I question relying upon a quicksand of newspaper articles, half-baked propaganda, sociology (no further derision required), and traitors’ confessions. O might have left the puzzle palace, but that’s where the knowing is done. I didn’t leave because it was fruitless, but rather because I very nearly ended up in my own interior rubber room where I couldn’t talk to anyone not sporting a clearance. I gained the opportunity to tackle the big questions, not stand on quicksand.

I’m curious about many places, sports, even math. My pitiful security clearance once made me feel omniscient. But, for my sanity and my life, I no longer need to sacrifice everything to sate my appetites. The subject of North Korea will always make me remember this.

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Filed under: Korea, Podcasts, Radio Tagged: brian myers, busan, jeff lebow, kenneth may, let's talk busam, pusan

sound picnic 3 and fireworks fest

took the photocycles to dalmaji hill for sound picnic 3, our last lovely outdoor music fest before the first frost.

it was in this gorgeous amphitheatre. you could see the little islands off the coast of busan receding into the haze.

we had a good time.

but please god, no more late-90s pop-punk covers.

you could barely take a picture of your friends without someone in it holding a camera. so many memories were recorded!

thanks, rad city.

now the bragging shall commence: busan fireworks festival is a clusterfuck of epic proportions. traffic jams, inexplicable police blockades, ajimas sitting on strangers, cars abandoned in the middle of the road. i was not trying to get to gwangali beach at 1:30 to save a spot for the 8 o’clock show, all the while fighting aggressive korean mat-impingers. so we hung at dalmaji until about 7, when it was suggested that we try to go check out the fest. so hwan, jeff, matt and i wove through standstill traffic, down from the hill to the homer hotel, where we arrived just in time to see the show from the warm comfort of a friend’s apartment. probably had one of the best views in the city. and there was cold beer, a roasted chicken and readily available facilities! what a stroke of good luck.

the fireworks were off the chain.

this is the chain: ———- these were the fireworks: *!*!*!*!*!

AND THEN THE WHOLE SKY TURNED GOLD! ALL OF IT!

and then, among the crowds and the totally incomprehensible (and equally impenetrable) goose-inspired Flying V police formations, things started to get kind of weird…

that fire juggling may be the best dancing i’ve seen since i got here. step up your game, k-pop superstars.


 

Why I Like Electric Politics

Podfather, Electric PoliticsProps to George Kenney and his Electric Politics podcast, and Dr. David Kanin. I’ve commented on a few sites over the years, and given and taken my fair share of abuse. Once in awhile, an exchange is fruitfully consummated. But, I’ve now received two emails from Kanin. The exchange almost gives me hope about the communicative potential of the internet – almost.

One reason I found Kanin’s original presentation compelling – and why I listen to Kenney generally – is something Stephen M. Walt argued in “The Relationship between Theory and Policy in International Relations“:

“The gap between theory and policy can be narrowed only if the academic community begins to place greater value on policy-relevant theoretical work.”

And, so Kanin’s background as an Intelligence Analyst and strong opinions underscores how much I had to listen to Kenney’s interview. I wasn’t disappointed, and I posted a comment. A few days later, Kanin responded by email.

There is no “the” International Community,” but rather an overlapping soup of almost liquid sets of interest communities. National/ethnic, religious, national, economic, virtual, and other sets of people compete for resources and ideological pride of place. The various actors (states, sects, classes, religious authorities, etc.) in the Muslin world, for example, are in the midst of discovering a sense of global agency they have not enjoyed since Napoleon invaded Egypt in 1798 (this was a traumatic assault on an Ottoman hold on Egypt that since 1517 had legitimized the Sultan’s claim to be Caliph–with Egypt came control over the Holy places of Mecca and Medina).

Similarly, China’s inexorable rise shatters the hegemony of the European and US “Wests” (in my view there have been seven distinct “Wests” since that same Napoleonic adventure). China, Russia, muscular Islam, and other “International Communities” will compete and cooperate with a still-important US in ways that will not fit with the prevailing conventional wisdom of liberal internationalism, “realism,” or the other usual ways of thinking about the world.

I responded by email:

I appreciate your skepticism about the major paradigms in IR. It appears as if your hypothesis is a kind of cyclical theory similar to Geoge Modelski‘s? Is this a useful observation?

I received a response by email today:

I don’t have much interest in international relations theory, much of which–in my view–relies on serial caricatures that explains some but not enough of what goes on in our lava lamp world. for me, history, anthropology, philosophy, and psychology (not to mention that part of economics that describes material interests and markets) are more useful.

I admire that skepticism, but only as much as it points to some sort of resolution about what it is humans can’t, and perhaps, can know about the social sphere. I’m skeptical the result is that awesome, or even convenient. It could prompt a Homer Simpson moment. But, even that would be preferable to turf warfare between policy-makers and experts. Kanin’s response is a good example of how, in Walt’s terms, the complexity of policy-makers’ experience and the abstruseness of theoretical work clash. But also, taken as theory, Kanin’s skepticism has turned on realism. Instead of Morgenthau’s tidy hierarchy of social knowledge he touched briefly upon in “Six Principles of Political Realism”. Kanin has put them all back into the mix and called for a reappraisal. I was also interested in Kanin’s skepticism about the value of political moderates for building consensus between the US and Muslim communities. Implicit in the hope that moderates can build a bridge over warring partisans is the notion of a common humanity with common interests. Kanin’s observations point to a less ambitious and more flexible approach that doesn’t assume any common values.

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Filed under: Academia, Podcasts, Politics, Social Science, USA Tagged: david kanin, electric politics, george kenney, international relations, stephen walt

When the Smoke Clears

I really don't like mosquitoes, the dreaded Korean 'mogi'. Recently I related some of my mogi-chasing stories to someone here and she seemed to think it was more amusing than I did. When I got home, I asked my wife, "what's so funny about that?" She told me that Korean people don't usually bother enough about mosquitoes to spend an hour out of bed in the middle of the night chasing one with a newspaper. OK, that's fair enough, I may be a little crazy. But look at it this way - I'm a completer-finisher*. (*I wish - I'm actually a dangerously high scoring 'shaper').

But am I crazy enough to want to run trucks around crowded streets spraying insecticide at everyone? No - so who are the crazy ones now?

I didn't see this the first time I was here, but this summer one day I noticed a cloud of smoke in the distance. My first thought - that some old Hyundai Accent had finally reached its expiry point - proved incorrect.


It was, I was told, mosquito spraying. I'd heard about this, but thought it was a practice largely consigned to the past. Apparently not, it seemed, as the scene was repeated every couple of weeks thereafter.


It didn't look very healthy either, as the truck in our area dashed around the narrow streets spewing a chemical cloud behind it leaving people nowhere to hide.


Obviously, the insecticide is designed to kill mosquitoes rather than people, but I can't help thinking that it can't be particularly healthy, even if it won't kill you. And will this chemical concoction still be seen as safe in future? There was a time when people thought DDT was fine too.

But what I didn't expect, was to see one of these chemical spraying trucks do a circuit of the local school ground every two weeks, enveloping the children practising football in thick clouds of insecticide.



But perhaps this means if the Korean national team ever have to play a game in fog, they're bound to win.

Maybe it doesn't cause any lasting damage though. My wife used to run through the smoke chasing the trucks down the street because she said it was fun. That was when she was a child by the way, not recently - which would be more disturbing.

Now I'm a parent though, I watch that mosquito truck making its regular rounds of the local school, and think one day that could be my child enveloped in a chemical soup. I'm not really thrilled at the idea.

But does it work? Well, this summer was amazing for three months - I didn't see a single mosquito. But just as I was contemplating the notion that actually, it really does work, I read that the unusual weather this year meant that mosquito numbers were down significantly. However, as the autumn arrived they emerged with a vengeance. The mogi-trucks are still doing their rounds, I suppose they would argue that it would be worse if they didn't. But how can we know?

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