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무조건 – One Word. Several Meanings. | Korean FAQ

무조건 means "unconditionally," but can be used in several different situations and translates in a variety of ways. In this video (which was suggested by one of my supporters) I cover all of the most essential uses of the word 무조건.

The post 무조건 – One Word. Several Meanings. | Korean FAQ appeared first on Learn Korean with GO! Billy Korean.

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Deoksansa Temple (Naewonsa Temple) – 덕산사 (Sancheong, Gyeongsangnam-do)

The “Stone Seated Vairocana Buddha from Seongnamamsa Temple Site” at Deoksansa Temple (formerly Naewonsa Temple) in Sancheong, Gyeongsangnam-do.

Temple History

Deoksansa Temple, which was formerly known as Naewonsa Temple, is located in the eastern part of Jirisan National Park in Sancheong, Gyeongsangnam-do. Deoksansa Temple was first established in 657 A.D. purportedly by the famed monk Wonhyo-daesa (617-686 A.D.).

The temple was later reconstructed by Muyeom-guksa (801-888 A.D.) during the ninth century. It was at this time that the temple was quite popular thanks in large part to Muyeom-guksa’s influence and reputation. It was at this time that the temple was originally known as Deoksansa Temple only to be changed to Naewonsa Temple during the Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392). Naewonsa Temple means “Inner House Temple” in English. During the Confucian-oriented policies of the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910), and like so many other Buddhist temples at this time, the temple fell into disrepair. The temple would completely be destroyed during the Imjin War (1592-98). The temple would partially be repaired only to be further damaged during the Korean War (1950-53). Then in 1959, and under the guidance of the monk Wongyeong, the temple was re-established in its present incarnation.

Up until March 26th, 2021, the temple was most recently known as Naewonsa Temple; however, after a roof tile was discovered with the name Deoksansa Temple on it during an excavation, the name reverted back to its original name. In English, Deoksansa Temple means “Virtue Mountain Temple.”

Deoksansa Temple is home to one Korean Treasure, it’s the “Three-Story Stone Pagoda of Deoksansa Temple,” which is Korean Treasure #1113. The temple is also home to National Treasure #233-1, which is the “Stone Seated Vairocana Buddha from Seongnamamsa Temple Site.”

Temple Layout

Deoksansa Temple is located up a long valley. And next to the temple grounds flows a beautiful stream. As you first enter the main temple courtyard, you’ll immediately notice to your left a collection of buildings that include the administrative office. And to your right, you’ll notice the monks’ dorms.

Straight ahead, on the other hand, and under a rounded mountain top, are a set of three shrine halls. Out in front of these three shrine halls is the “Three-Story Stone Pagoda of Deoksansa Temple.” It’s believed that the pagoda dates back to the latter years of the Unified Silla (668-935 A.D.). The pagoda consists of a two-story platform on which a three-story body stands. The carvings that adorn the pagoda are pillars. They are clearly seen on the platform and pagoda body. However, these carvings were serious damaged by fire. The body stones are thin and flat. And each of the edges of the eaves stretch upwards. The finial of the pagoda no longer exists, and the body of the pagoda has been damaged in places. During the 1950s, the pagoda received damage caused by treasure hunters. More recently, and fortunately for us, the pagoda has been restored to its past form by the monk Hong Jinsik.

Standing behind the “Three-Story Stone Pagoda of Deoksansa Temple” is the diminutive Daeung-jeon Hall. The exterior walls are adorned with a collection of fading Shimu-do (Ox-Herding Murals), as well as other Buddhist-related murals. As for the interior of the compact main hall, you’ll find a triad of statues on the main altar centred by Seokgamoni-bul (The Historical Buddha). This image is flanked on either side by images of Munsu-bosal (The Bodhisattva of Wisdom) and Bohyeon-bosal (The Bodhisattva of Power). To the left of the main altar is a vibrant mural dedicated to Jijang-bosal (The Bodhisattva of the Afterlife). What’s interesting about this mural are the various scenes from the Underworld at the base of the mural. To the right of the main altar, on the other hand, is a new Shinjung Taenghwa (Guardian Mural).

To the left of the Daeung-jeon Hall is the newest of the three shrine halls. The exterior walls are adorned in simple dancheong colours and patterns. As for the interior, you’ll find the stunning “Stone Seated Vairocana Buddha from Seongnamamsa Temple Site,” which is National Treasure #233-1. The statue depicts Birojana-bul (The Buddha of Cosmic Energy), and it’s made of granite. In total, the statue and base measure 2.11 metres in height with just the statue alone standing 1.08 metres in height. A reliquary was discovered inside the statue that had an inscription on it. In total, there were 136 Chinese characters written over 15 lines. The inscription indicated that the statue was made in 766 A.D. This makes the statue the oldest in Korea with the Wisdom Fist mudra (ritualized hand gesture). This mudra has the right index finger placed inside the left hand. This is the most distinguishing feature of Birojana-bul. Originally, this statue was located at a temple site on Mt. Jirisan. Later, two brothers from Seongnam-ri Village took the statue to their house. Eventually, it was given to Naewonsa Temple (now Deoksansa Temple) in 1959.

As for the design of the “Stone Seated Vairocana Buddha from Seongnamamsa Temple Site,” it has a large protruding part to its head, which symbolizes the Buddha’s wisdom. There are also three creases under its neck. These are meant to symbolize the “three destinies” of affliction, actions, and suffering. The robe falls over both of its shoulders, and its folds are carved with surprising detail, especially when you consider the statue’s age. Situated behind the statue is what remains of the mandorla. Overall, the statue is beautifully designed and well-balanced.

The third, and final, shrine hall that visitors can explore at Deoksansa Temple is the Samseong-gak Hall, which is located to the right of the Daeung-jeon Hall. According to the ever knowledgeable Prof. David Mason, the Samseong-gak Hall used to be divided into three separate rooms with each shaman deity occupying a room with its own signboard over its respective entrance. However, in 2007, these walls were taken down for a more open style to the shaman shrine hall.

When you first enter the Samseong-gak Hall, you’ll be greeted by an older-looking mural dedicated to Chilseong (The Seven Stars). Of particular interest is the central image of Jeseok-bul (Indra) that has a manja symbol on its chest. Sitting in the centre of the main altar is a stone statue dedicated to Cheonwang-bosal, who is better known as Cheonwang-bong Seongmo-halmae. To the right of this stone statue is a bronze statue of Gwanseeum-bosal (The Bodhisattva of Compassion). Next to the bronze Gwanseeum-bosal is a vibrant painting of Dokseong (The Lonely Saint). And next to this painting is a folkish mural dedicated to Sanshin (The Mountain Spirit). The final painting inside the Samseong-gak Hall is dedicated to Yongwang (The Dragon King), which hangs on the far right wall. The interior of this shaman shrine hall is both striking and highly original.

How To Get There

From the Jinju Intercity Bus Terminal, you’ll need to catch a bus that reads, “Daewonsa Hang,” on it, which means “Towards Daewonsa” in English. This bus comes every 40 minutes. From this bus, you’ll need to get off at “Daepo.” From the Jinju Intercity Bus Terminal to Daepo, it takes about an hour. And from Daepo to Deoksansa Temple, you’ll need to walk about 2.6 km to get to the temple. There are signs along the way that should guide you the rest of the way.

Overall Rating: 7.5/10

Overall, Deoksansa Temple, which was formerly known as Naewonsa Temple, has a quaint and intimate feel to it. In addition to the beautiful Jirisan National part that surrounds the temple, you’ll also find the “Three-Story Stone Pagoda of Deoksansa Temple” and the “Stone Seated Vairocana Buddha from Seongnamamsa Temple Site,” which is the oldest of its kind in Korea. That’s probably the reason it was recently named as a National Treasure. In addition to these rather obvious highlights, you can also enjoy all the shamanic artwork inside the Samseong-gak Hall, as well as the interior of the Daeung-jeon Hall. While not as obvious as other temples in Jirisan National Park like Ssanggyesa Temple or Hwaeomsa Temple, Deoksansa Temple is definitely worth a visit to the eastern regions of the park.

The stream next to Deoksansa Temple.
The three shrine halls at Deoksansa Temple.
The “Three-Story Stone Pagoda of Deoksansa Temple.”
One of the Shimu-do (Ox-Herding Murals) that adorns the exterior of the Daeung-jeon Hall.
The main altar inside the Daeung-jeon Hall.
An up-close of Seokgamoni-bul (The Historical Buddha).
The mural dedicated to Jijang-bosal (The Bodhisattva of the Afterlife) to the left of the main altar.
The Samseong-gak Hall at Deoksansa Temple.
The main altar inside the shaman shrine hall.
The older mural dedicated to Chilseong (The Seven Stars) inside the Samseong-gak Hall.
The stone statue of Cheonwang-bosal inside the shaman shrine hall.
Joined by this vibrant painting dedicated to Dokseong (The Lonely Saint).
The folkish mural dedicated to Sanshin (The Mountain Spirit) inside the Samseong-gak Hall, as well.
And this painting dedicated to Yongwang (The Dragon King).
A look at the “Stone Seated Vairocana Buddha from Seongnamamsa Temple Site” housed to the left of the Daeung-jeon Hall.
The “Stone Seated Vairocana Buddha from Seongnamamsa Temple Site” from a different angle.
And an up-close of the historic statue dedicated to Birojana-bul (The Buddha of Cosmic Energy), which also just so happens to be the oldest of its kind in Korea.

My Korean language exchange was a TOTAL DISASTER!

I tried out a new language exchange app to meet some native Korean speakers, and here's what happened.

This was a collab video with the Choi Sisters. If you don't know who they are, we've done several videos together in the past and they make videos teaching Korean, Korean culture and food, and travel. We had a blast filming it, and want your ideas for what we should do next!

The post My Korean language exchange was a TOTAL DISASTER! appeared first on Learn Korean with GO! Billy Korean.

Korean Grammar Checker – Your Personal Mistake Catcher

Have you ever wished you had a native Korean tutor next to you to check your writing?

If so, then a Korean grammar checker may be just what you need!

A guy holding a book with a Korean flag on the cover while using a magnifying glass

This tool can help find errors and correct them on the spot to help you learn how to use Korean grammar properly, especially when you self-study.

In this article, we’ll show you the ins and outs of using a Korean grammar checker to supercharge your Korean language skills. We’ll also introduce the top Korean grammar checkers we recommend.

Quick Summary

✅ Korean grammar checkers help identify and correct grammar, syntax, punctuation, and spelling errors in Korean texts.

✅ The Korean Grammar checkers we recommend are Pusan National University’s Korean Spelling/Grammar Checker, Naver Grammar Checker, Daum Grammar Checker, and the kGrammar app.

✅ Most of these tools interfaces are in Korean, so they will be more handy if you are an intermediate or advanced Korean learner.

✅ These tools can definitely help you learn Korean grammar, but you need to make sure you also balance out learning the basics; don’t just rely on the tools.

What is a Korean Grammar Checker?

A Korean grammar checker is a tool made to help check grammar mistakes or errors in Korean texts. It functions as a sentence analyzer.

For example, if you enter this sentence “학교에 않갈거예요” to a grammar checker, it will return with “학교에 안 갈 거예요.”

In this case, 않갈거예요 is using incorrect spelling and spacing. It removes the “않” and replaces it with “안.” Then, it adds in the appropriate spacing, which makes it 안 갈 거예요.

않갈거예요 –>안 갈 거예요.

Similar to the grammar tool “Grammarly” for the English language, a Korean grammar checker gives feedback on grammar, syntax, punctuation, spelling, and sometimes style or clarity issues.

This will be useful to you as a Korean learner. Native Koreans also use this to make sure their writing is correct.

Korean Grammar Checkers Tools for Korean Language Learners

Grammar checkers will help you understand complex grammar rules. With the help of these tools, you can easily check for errors and quickly grasp the proper sentence structure because they offer immediate feedback.

Once you start using grammar checkers, you’ll realize that they’re more than just a tool for checking sentences. You will already be able to identify the parts of a sentence and improve the related grammar rules. As a result, you gain a deeper understanding of Korean and become more confident in using it in various situations.

Top Korean Grammar Checkers

We’ve analyzed the top Korean grammar checkers, and here are the ones we recommend:

  • Pusan National University’s Korean Spelling/Grammar Checker (한국어 맞춤법/문법 검사기)
  • Naver Grammar Checker (네이버 맞춤법 검사기)
  • Daum Grammar Checker (다음 맞춤법 검사기)
  • kGrammar (App)

1. Pusan National University’s Korean Spelling/Grammar Checker (한국어 맞춤법/문법 검사기)

To use Pusan National University’s Korean grammar checker, just paste your text into the field and click on the blue button that says “검사하기.” It is very simple to use.

If there are any errors in your work, you will see the corrections on the left side of the screen. If you click on the suggestion, it will correct the part where the error was.

If you want to try a new text, click on the green button that says “다시 쓰기” (rewrite).

This Korean grammar checker is recommended for intermediate and advanced learners since it is entirely in Korean.

2. Naver Grammar Checker (네이버 맞춤법 검사기)

Naver Grammar Checker is another tool you can use to check your grammar. It is recommended to get a quick correction on grammatical errors including spacings and spellings.

To use it, type your sentences in the box and click on the green button below the box that says “검사하기 (check).”

This Korean grammar checker is also recommended for intermediate and advanced learners since it is entirely in Korean.

3. Daum Grammar Checker (다음 맞춤법 검사기)

Daum Grammar Checker is also a very simple tool to use. This Korean grammar checker can check your text up to 1000 characters at a time.

Type or paste your text into the text box where you can enter the Korean text you want to check for grammar or spelling errors. Then click the “검사하기” (check) button to check.

To clear the field to rewrite, click 다시쓰기 (rewrite). If you’d like to use the corrected text, you can copy it by clicking 교정문 복사 (copy correction)

This tool will give you any grammatical or spelling errors it finds immediately. Based on the suggestions, you can review and correct these errors.

This Korean grammar checker is also recommended for intermediate and advanced learners since it is entirely in Korean.

3. kGrammar (App)

The kGrammar is an app with a clean interface and is accessible to learners at all levels. It features a spell-checking tool that you can use to type in your sentences to get corrections.

With this app, you can look up any Korean grammar rule from its database by typing a keyword in the search bar.

The app also has a function to save a topic so you can study it later. Another great function that you can use is real-time correction and access to learning resources.

Practical Tips for Using Korean Grammar Checkers

Incorporating a Korean grammar checker into your daily learning routine is very useful. Here are some practical tips and common mistakes to avoid.

Best Practices for using grammar checkers in your daily learning routines:

  • Consistent Use: Check your practice sentences after your study sessions using grammar checkers to get used to the correct grammar usage.
  • Active Learning: As you get the corrections, check your work and learn from your mistakes.
  • Diverse Application: Expose yourself to various rules and contexts by applying grammar checkers across different types of writing. For example, use it when writing things such as text messages or emails to a friend, a personal diary, or a speech.

Common mistakes:

  • Overreliance: Remember to use them as a supplement only.
  • Ignoring context: Grammar checkers can sometimes fail to grasp the context fully. Review suggestions to make sure they fit the intended meaning.
  • Skipping fundamentals: These tools won’t replace the required studying of grammar rules and practice.

What to do next after using grammar checkers

Now you know what grammar checkers are and how they can help with your Korean language learning journey. Once you start using them, you may be wondering: What’s next?

Check out these tools that go hand in hand with grammar checkers:

If you’re ready to take Korean learning to the next level, you might want to consider looking for an online Korean course that suits your needs. You can learn more about our courses and join us here. You can learn the fundamentals and put your knowledge to the test with the grammar checkers.

화이팅 (hwaiting)! ^^

The post Korean Grammar Checker – Your Personal Mistake Catcher appeared first on 90 Day Korean.

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Yunpilam Hermitage – 윤필암 (Mungyeong, Gyeongsangbuk-do)

Yunpilam Hermitage on the Daeseungsa Temple Grounds in Mungyeong, Gyeongsangbuk-do.

Hermitage History

Yunpilam Hermitage is located on the Daeseungsa Temple grounds in Mungyeong, Gyeongsangbuk-do. The hermitage is located to the west of Daeseungsa Temple and Mt. Gongdeoksan (914.5 m). According to the “History of Daeseungsa Temple,” Yunpilam Hermitage was first founded in 1380 by the monk Gakgwan. However, the “Record of Yunpilam Hermitage” states that the temple was founded by the monk Gakgwan and Lady Kim, who was the wife of the civil official Kim Deuk-bae. The hermitage was later rebuilt by the monks Seojo and Takjam in 1645. In 1862, there was a fire at the hermitage that completely destroyed all the buildings at Yunpilam Hermitage. In 1885, and by order of King Gojong of Korea (r. 1864-1897, 1897-1907, 1907-1910), the hermitage was rebuilt, once more, this time by the monks of Daeseungsa Temple.

By 1900, a mediation centre was established at Yunpilam Hermitage by Gyeongheo-seonsa (1846-1912), after he visited Daeseungsa Temple. Later, the hermitage was formally designated as a meditation centre in 1915. After this, even more monks came to practice at Yunpilam Hermitage. In 1931, Yunpilam Hermitage was turned into a meditation centre for nuns. And from 1984, the hermitage grounds have undergone extensive renovations.

As for the name of Yunpilam Hermitage, there are a couple competing legends behind the meaning of the hermitage’s name. One legend states that when Wonhyo-daesa (617-686 A.D.) and Uisang-daesa (625-702 A.D.) were performing a ritual for the dead at a temple on Mt. Sabulsan, Uisang-daesa’s half-brother, Yunpil, stayed here. And the other legend is connected to the monk Naong (1320-1376). When an image of Naong entered the area, the monk Gakgwan and Lady Kim decided to build the hermitage to enshrine the sari (crystallized remains) of Naong. Lee Saek was asked to write about this. However, Lee Saek didn’t receive a fee for his writing. The word “Yunpil” refers to a writing fee. As a result, this is where Yunpilam Hermitage gets its name. Whatever may or may not be correct, both legends are quite interesting.

While Yunpilam Hermitage isn’t home to any National Treasures or Korean Treasures, it is home to a few provincial treasures. These include the “Four-Sided Stone Buddha,” which is Gyeongsangbuk-do Tangible Cultural Property #403; the “Seated Wooden Amita-bul and Paper Tabernacle,” which is Gyeongsangbuk-do Tangible Cultural Property #300; the “Three-Story Stone Pagoda at Yunpilam Hermitage,” which is Gyeongsangbuk-do Tangible Cultural Property #596; and the “Atypical Three-Story Stone Pagoda of Yunpilam Hermitage,” which is Gyeongsangbuk-do Tangible Cultural Property #595.

Hermitage Layout

You first approach Yunpilam Hermitage up a winding mountain road. Eventually, you’ll come to the hermitage’s parking lot. There is a road that makes its way up the length of the hermitage grounds. This road runs parallel with a mountain stream. The nuns’ and hermitage’s vehicles are welcomed; your vehicle, unfortunately, isn’t.

Up this incline of a road, you’ll notice the nuns’ dorms to your left. Continuing in the direction, you’ll find an elevated shrine hall. This is the Sabul-jeon Hall, which means “Four Buddhas Hall” in English. Across a haetae-headed bridge, and up a set of stone stairs, you’ll find yourself face-to-face with this rather atypical shrine hall. The exterior walls to the Sabul-jeon Hall are adorned with various Buddhist motif paintings. And out in front of the Sabul-jeon Hall are a pair of modern seokdeung (stone lanterns).

Stepping inside the Sabul-jeon Hall, you’ll instantly notice that there isn’t so much a main altar as there is a glass window that looks out onto the neighbouring mountains. This window is similar to the Daeung-jeon Hall at Tongdosa Temple. But instead of looking out onto the Geumgang Gyedan like at Tongdosa Temple, the glass window gives visitors a beautiful view up towards Mt. Sabulsan and the “Four-Sided Stone Buddha” on the mountain peak off in the distance. It’s not exactly clear as to when the “Four-Sided Stone Buddha” was first created. According to the “Samguk Yusa,” or “Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms” in English, it was created in 587 A.D., while another source states that it was first created in 624 A.D. Another ambiguity that surrounds the “Four-Sided Stone Buddha” is that according to the “Samguk Yusa” the stone monument was located some 100 li [500 metres] east of Juknyeong (Bamboo Pass), when it’s actually 100 li [500 metres] west of Juknyeong. Of course, this can simply be confusion on the part of the writer of the “Samguk Yusa,” monk Ilyeon. Another interesting aspect to the “Four-Sided Stone Buddha” is its location. The stone monument is close to Juknyeong, which was part of a key transportation route. Both the Silla Kingdom (57 B.C. – 935 A.D.) and the Baekje Kingdom (18 B.C. – 660 A.D.) would frequently have territorial disputes in this region. And because the “Four-Sided Stone Buddha” has a distinct Silla style to it, it’s believed that Silla created it to endow religious protection over the region and the country.

Up the mountainside, and next to the Sabul-jeon Hall, you’ll find the “Atypical Three-Story Stone Pagoda of Yunpilam Hermitage.” This pagoda is quite precarious to get to, especially in the winter months. If you are able to get there, you’re in for a treat. The pagoda is believed to date back to the Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392). The pagoda consists of a single base stone. In total, the pagoda stands three stories in height. The roof stones to the three stories are carved with lotus flower designs. The stones almost appear to be upside down, and they resemble the eaves of traditional tiles. The pagoda is important in the history of pagodas in Korea because it helps mark the point in time when pagodas started to become more diverse in their styles.

Back facing the nuns’ dorms, and walking to the right of the structure, you’ll come to another terraced area at the hermitage. In front of you is a building similar to the nuns’ dorms. But instead of being dorms, this is the Geukrak-jeon Hall that houses the “Seated Wooden Amita-bul and Paper Tabernacle.” It’s believed that this image of Amita-bul (The Buddha of the Western Paradise) dates back to the Goryeo Dynasty. The statue is quite stout and rests inside a wooden enclosure. The statue is made of wood and has been covered in gold twice. The most recent coating of gold took place around 1908 after text found under the statue was discovered in 1998 stating that it had been redone 90 years ago.

Out in front of the Geukrak-jeon Hall is the Three-Story Stone Pagoda at Yunpilam Hermitage.” This more traditional pagoda is believed to also date back to the Goryeo Dynasty. The base of the pagoda is unique in that it features double lotus flower engravings. The base is quite wide and supports the partially damaged body and the base for a finial. The body stones have column like patterns on each of the four corners, and there is a door relief on the south side of the structure. The second story of the three-story structure is missing and has been replaced by newer stone.

The rest of the hermitage is filled with buildings like the kitchen, dorms, and meditation centre that are off-limits to the general public unless invited in. However, there is one final shrine hall to the rear of the hermitage grounds. This is the Samseong-gak Hall. The exterior walls to the shaman shrine hall are adorned with paintings of the Sinseon (Taoist Immortals), as well as a pair of dragons (one yellow and one blue). Stepping inside the Samseong-gak Hall, you’ll find a set of three murals on the main altar. The central image is an older, red painting dedicated to Chilseong (The Seven Stars). On either side are paintings dedicated to Sanshin (The Mountain Spirit) and Dokseong (The Lonely Saint). These two paintings, unlike the one dedicated to Chilseong, are painted directly onto the shrine hall’s walls. Other paintings that are also adorning the interior of the Samseong-gak Hall are murals dedicated to the likes of Bukseong (The North Star) and Podae-hwasang (The Hempen Bag).

How To Get There

To get to Yunpilam Hermitage, you first need to get to Daeseungsa Temple. And to get to Daeseungsa Temple, it’s quite difficult. But if you don’t mind an adventure and spending a lot of time on Korean buses, then here’s how to get to Daeseungsa Temple. From the Mungyeong Bus Terminal, you can take either Bus #11-1, Bus #10-1, Bus #20-1, or Bus #60-2. You’ll then need to get off at the the “Jeomchon Shinae Bus Terminal.” From this stop, you’ll need to take Bus #51-1. With this bus, you’ll need to get off at the “Jeonduguam” bus stop. From where the bus drops you off, you’ll need to walk 60 minutes, or 2.4 km, to get to the hermitage. Just follow the signs as you head towards Yunpilam Hermitage. The road will eventually fork to the left and uphill. In total, this entire trip takes about four hours.

Another way you can get to Daeseungsa Temple/Yunpilam Hermitage is by taxi, but it’ll be expensive. From the Mungyeong Bus Terminal, a taxi to Daeseungsa Temple/Yunpilam Hermitage will take about 50 minutes, or 37 km, and it’ll cost you 50,000 won (one way).

Of course the easiest way to get to get Daeseungsa Temple/Yunpilam Hermitage is owning your own vehicle, but this isn’t always an option for everyone. So whatever way you decided to get to this temple, best of luck!

Overall Rating: 5/10

There are quite a few highlights to this lesser known hermitage near Daeseungsa Temple. The first is the Sabul-jeon Hall that looks out onto Mt. Sabulsan and the “Four-Sided Stone Buddha.” If you want to see this stone monument up close, the trailhead that leads up to it is located to the east of the hermitage grounds. Additionally, both the stone pagodas at Yunpilam Hermitage are stunning as is the “Seated Wooden Amita-bul and Paper Tabernacle” and the shaman artwork housed inside the Samseong-gak Hall. The entire hermitage grounds are beautiful as are the towering mountains that surround the hermitage. If you’ve travelled all the way to see the neighbouring Daeseungsa Temple, you should definitely take the time to see Yunpilam Hermitage, as well.

The Sabul-jeon Hall from the hermitage parking lot.
As you approach the Sabul-jeon Hall next to the nuns’ dorms.
A view of the rest of the hermitage grounds from the heights of the Sabul-jeon Hall.
The “Atypical Three-Story Stone Pagoda of Yunpilam Hermitage.” (Picture courtesy of the CHA).
One of the paintings that adorns the exterior of the Sabul-jeon Hall.
The main altar with a glass window that looks out onto the neighbouring Mt. Sabulsan and the “Four-Sided Stone Buddha.”
The “Four-Sided Stone Buddha” atop Mt. Sabulsan.
A closer look at the “Four-Sided Stone Buddha.”
A look around the hermitage grounds.
The Geukrak-jeon Hall at Yunpilam Hermitage.
The “Three-Story Stone Pagoda at Yunpilam Hermitage” out in front of the Geukrak-jeon Hall.
The “Seated Wooden Amita-bul and Paper Tabernacle” inside the Geukrak-jeon Hall. (Picture courtesy of the CHA).
The Samseong-gak Hall at Yunpilam Hermitage.
The Sanshin (Mountain Spirit) painting from inside the Samseong-gak Hall.
And the view from the Samseong-gak Hall overtop the Geukrak-jeon Hall.

Casual Speech (반말) | Live Class Abridged

In my most recent live stream I explained how to use Casual Speech (반말). This is most often used to people who are the same age as you or younger, and can have a friendly feeling when used correctly. I explain how and when to use it, how to make it, and several other things you'll need to know in order to use it properly; this includes using casual nouns and verbs, as well as casual pronouns.

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Chilbulsa Temple – 칠불사 (Hadong, Gyeongsangnam-do)

Chilbulsa Temple in Hadong, Gyeongsangnam-do.

Temple History

Chilbulsa Temple is located in northern Hadong, Gyeongsangnam-do in Jirisan National Park. Chilbulsa Temple, which means “Seven Buddhas Temple” in English, is a reference to the founding of the temple. According to this foundational legend, the seven sons of King Suro (42?-199 A.D.), who was the legendary founder of Geumgwan Gaya (43-532 A.D.), all attained enlightenment. According to this legend, the seven sons were guided by their uncle, Jangyu-seonsa, for two years until they all reached enlightenment. Rather interestingly, the monk Jangyu-seonsa, who instructed the seven princes, was also the brother to Queen Heo (32 A.D. – 189 A.D.), who was the wife of King Suro. Purportedly, this enlightenment, which took two years, took place from 101-103 A.D. However, based upon archaeological evidence from the former Gaya Confederacy (42–562 A.D.), it seems highly unlikely because Buddhism had yet to enter the region. Either way, it makes for quite the legend.

What is actually more likely is that Chilbulsa Temple was first founded in 560 A.D., and it’s situated some 800 metres in elevation. And based upon pungsu-jiri (geomancy), it has one of the most auspicious locations in all of Korea. Unfortunately, a fire broke out at the Chilbulsa Temple in 1800, and it destroyed the entire temple. The temple would later be rebuilt only to be destroyed during the Yeosu–Suncheon rebellion in 1948. The temple would be even more damaged during the Korean War (1950-53). Chilbulsa Temple was finally restored from 1978 to 1984.

Temple Layout

When you first approach Chilbulsa Temple up the mountainside road, you’ll first pass by a large stupa to your right, as well as a stately Iljumun Gate. A little further along, and you’ll finally come to the temple parking lot. The first thing to greet you at the temple, other than the long set of stone stairs, is a beautiful front façade. You’ll need to pass under the two-story Boje-ru Pavilion. While the first floor acts as an entry into the rest of the temple grounds, the second story acts as a lecture hall for larger dharma talks.

Having passed through the Boje-ru Pavilion, you’ll now be standing squarely in the main temple courtyard. Straight ahead of you is the Daeung-jeon Hall. The exterior walls of the Daeung-jeon Hall are filled with a masterful collection of murals. In fact, there are two sets of these murals. The upper set is the Palsang-do (The Eight Scenes from the Buddha’s Life Murals), while the lower set is the Shimu-do (The Ox-Herding Murals). Arguably, the Shimu-do set is the most beautiful at any Buddhist temple in Korea.

Stepping inside the Daeung-jeon Hall, you’ll find a beautiful, golden altar. The main altar is occupied by a triad centred by Seokgamoni-bul (The Historical Buddha) and joined on either side by images of Munsu-bosal (The Bodhisattva of Wisdom) and Bohyeon-bosal (The Bodhisattva of Power). This triad is backed by a stunning, golden relief. To the left of the main altar is an equally golden, and quite elaborate, Shinjung Taenghwa (Guardian Mural) relief. I wouldn’t be surprised if both the main altar relief and the Shinjung Taenghwa relief were created by the same artist. The most original piece of Buddhist artwork inside the Daeung-jeon Hall hangs to the right of the main altar. This is another golden relief; this time, it’s dedicated to the seven sons of King Suro. The artwork is dominated by the seven images of the enlightened Buddhas, but they are joined by images of Chilseong (The Seven Stars), as well as images of King Suro, Queen Heo, and the monk Jangyu-seonsa in the upper right corner of the relief.

Stepping outside the Daeung-jeon Hall, you’ll notice the monks’ living quarters, kitchen, and administrative office to your right when looking at the main hall. And to the left of the Daeung-jeon Hall is the Ajabang Hall, which was first built during the reign of King Hyogong of Silla (r. 887-912 A.D.) by the monk Damgong-seonsa. It was named the Ajabang Hall because of the shape of its floor plan. A cross-shaped central walking floor is raised above U-shaped platforms at each end of the hall for meditation. Each of the platforms are half a metre raised above the floor, which is heated by the Korean traditional ondol system. Sadly, this structure was destroyed by fire in 1951. The structure was later rebuilt with a thatched roof.

The other temple shrine hall that visitors can explore at Chilbulsa Temple is the Gwaneum-jeon Hall to the right of the Daeung-jeon Hall. The exterior walls are adorned in simple dancheong colours. Stepping inside the Gwaneum-jeon Hall, you’ll find a solitary image dedicated to Gwanseeum-bosal (The Bodhisattva of Compassion) on the main altar backed by a red altar painting. Also taking up residence inside the Gwaneum-jeon Hall, and to the left of the main altar, is a red Shinjung Taenghwa (Guardian Mural) painting.

While leaving Chilbulsa Temple, and to the left of the Boje-ru Pavilion, is the compact Jong-ru (Bell Pavilion). Housed inside this bell pavilion is a large bronze bell adorned with Bicheon (Flying Heavenly Deities).

How To Get There

From the Hadong Intercity Bus Terminal, you’ll need to catch either Bus #35-1 or Bus #35-2 to get to the Hwagye Bus Terminal. From the Hwagye Bus Terminal, you’ll then need to take a bus bound for Beomwang. After the bus drops you off, you’ll then need to walk thirty minutes to get to Chilbulsa Temple.

Overall Rating: 7/10

One of the main highlights to Chilbulsa Temple is the golden interior of the Daeung-jeon Hall from the collection of golden reliefs to the main altar statues and large, red canopy. Another highlight is the once historic Ajabang Hall to the left of the main hall, as well as the beautiful interior of the Gwaneum-jeon Hall and the murals that adorn the exterior of the main hall. Along with all of these artistic endeavours is the beauty of Mt. Jirisan that surrounds the temple.

The Iljumun Gate at the entry of Chilbulsa Temple.
The temple grounds as you first approach.
The Jong-ru Pavilion from outside the main temple courtyard.
And a look inside the Jong-ru Pavilion from inside the main temple grounds.
A look under the Boje-ru Pavilion towards the Daeung-jeon Hall.
The beautiful Daeung-jeon Hall at Chilbulsa Temple.
A closer look at the Daeung-jeon Hall.
One of the masterful Shimu-do (Ox-Herding Murals) that adorns the exterior of the main hall.
The golden main altar inside the Daeung-jeon Hall.
And the elaborate canopy overtop of the main altar.
The golden Shinjung Taenghwa (Guardian Mural) inside the Daeung-jeon Hall.
Joined by this highly original golden relief dedicated to the seven Buddhas that give the temple its name. And if you look in the upper right corner, you’ll see images of King Suro, Queen Heo, and the monk Jangyu-seonsa.
The Ajabang Hall to the left of the main hall.
And a look inside the Gwaneum-jeon Hall at Gwanseeum-bosal (The Bodhisattva of Compassion) on the main altar.

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Beginners (and sometimes higher level learners too) often confuse these Korean words, so we want to help fix that. Here are some of the most common words in Korean that are mixed up, or are just confusing to use.

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Hancheonsa Temple – 한천사 (Yecheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do)

The “Iron Seated Vairocana Buddha of Hancheonsa Temple” at Hancheonsa Temple in Yecheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do.

Temple History

Hancheonsa Temple is located in the southern foothills of Mt. Jumasan (516.1 m) in northern Yecheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do. The temple was first constructed by the monk Uisang-daesa (625-702 A.D.) in 678 A.D. Originally, the temple was called Handaesae Temple, but it was renamed Hancheonsa Temple in the 1900s.

According to a temple legend recorded in the “Handaesa Temple Chronicle” (1875), which details the history of the temple, the temple was built by Uisang-daesa. In 676 A.D., and after Uisang-daesa built Buseoksa Temple, the erected pillars used to support structures at the temple continued to fall over. Investigating, Uisang-daesa learned that Mt. Jumasan, which is the southern foot of Mt. Sobaeksan (1,439 m), was shaped like the head of a galloping horse. So in order to contain this challenging topography that was interfering with the well-being of Buseoksa Temple, Uisang-daesa decided to construct a temple on Mt. Jumasan. This temple would turn out to be Handaesae Temple (Hancheonsa Temple). Thanks to the construction of Handaesae Temple (Hancheonsa Temple), Buseoksa Temple no longer had any problems with its temple buildings.

Since the construction of Hancheonsa Temple, virtually nothing is known about the temple. It isn’t until 1803 that we learn about the reconstruction of the temple by the monk Geuncheon. Then a Seon Hall was built at the temple in 1808. In 1932, the temple was rebuilt. And it was expanded in 1934 by the monk Deokgi. However, the temple would be completely destroyed during the Korean War (1950-1953). The temple we see today was constructed after the Korean War.

In total, Hancheonsa Temple is home to two Korean Treasures. They are the “Iron Seated Vairocana Buddha of Hancheonsa Temple,” which is Korean Treasure #667; and the “Gilt-bronze Padlocks and Gong of Hancheonsa Temple,” which is Korean Treasure #1411 and is currently housed inside the temple museum at Jikjisa Temple.

Temple Layout

You first make your way up to the temple grounds up a long backroad. Eventually, you’ll come to the temple parking lot. Mounting the stone stairs, you’ll see an expansive main temple courtyard with trees and grass. To the right are the monks’ dorms and to the left is the administrative office at Hanseonsa Temple. Situated in the temple courtyard is the “Samcheung Seoktap at Hancheonsa Temple.” This three-story stone pagoda is typical of the design from the latter part of Unified Silla (668-935 A.D.). In total, the pagoda stands 3.6 metres in height. Only two parts of finial still remain intact. It’s believed that the pagoda was first erected at the same time that the “Iron Seated Vairocana Buddha of Hancheonsa Temple” was first enshrined at the temple.

Straight ahead, on the other hand, is the Daejeokgwang-jeon Hall. The exterior walls are adorned with beautiful, yet simplistic, Shimu-do (The Ox-Herding Murals). There’s also a smaller bronze ceremonial bell to the front right of the main hall. Stepping inside the Daejeokgwang-jeon Hall, you’ll find the stunning “Iron Seated Vairocana Buddha of Hancheonsa Temple” all alone on the main altar. This bronze image of Birojana-bul (The Buddha of Cosmic Energy) measures 1.53 metres in height. Unfortunately, both the mandorla that surrounds the iron Buddha is missing as is the pedestal that it once sat upon. Despite these two omissions, the “Iron Seated Vairocana Buddha of Hancheonsa Temple” is in excellent shape, especially when one considers that it dates back to the end of Unified Silla (668-935 A.D.). The statue has a long upper body with a flat narrow nose. As for its robe, the pleats are quite pronounced especially around the arms and knees. The “Iron Seated Vairocana Buddha of Hancheonsa Temple” is a wonderful example of the iron statues of the Buddha that were prevalent during this time period.

As for the rest of the interior of the Daejeokgwang-jeon Hall, and to the right of the main altar, you’ll find a black and gold Shinjung Taenghwa (Guardian Mural). And to the left of the Shinjung Taenghwa is a modern mural dedicated to Jijang-bosal (The Bodhisattva of the Afterlife), as well as another ceremonial bronze bell with a stunning dragon support with a turtle base. The rest of the interior is richly coloured in dancheong colours.

To the left of the Daejeokgwang-jeon Hall is the Yaksa-jeon Hall. This newly built shrine hall is plainly adorned in traditional dancheong colours. Stepping inside the diminutive shrine hall, you’ll find a stone statue dedicated to Yaksayeorae-bul (The Medicine Buddha, and the Buddha of the Eastern Paradise) on the main altar. To right is an intricate painting dedicated to Jijang-bosal, while to the left is a multi-armed and headed painting dedicated to Gwanseeum-bosal (The Bodhisattva of Compassion).

The final shrine hall that visitors can explore at Hancheonsa Temple is the hillside Samseong-gak Hall. Beautifully perched on a ridge, the Samseong-gak Hall looks down on the rest of the temple grounds from its elevated location. Stepping inside the Samseong-gak Hall, you’ll first notice a white statue between two paintings. This statue is dedicated to Dokseong (The Lonely Saint). To the left of this white statue of Dokseong is a painting dedicated to Sanshin (The Mountain Spirit). And to the right is a rather clunky mural dedicated to Chilseong (The Seven Stars).

How To Get There

From the Yecheon Intercity Bus Terminal, you should take the bus that says “Jeung-geo – 증거” on it. Keep in mind, however, that this bus comes infrequently. In total, you’ll need to take this bus for 26 stops, or 50 minutes, and get off at the Jeung-geo bus stop. From where the bus drops you off, you’ll need to head north for 12 minutes, or 850 metres, until you get to Hancheonsa Temple. In total, the entire trip from the Yecheon Intercity Bus Terminal should take about an hour.

Overall Rating: 6/10

Rather obviously, the main highlight to Hancheonsa Temple is the stunning “Iron Seated Vairocana Buddha of Hancheonsa Temple” that dates back to Unified Silla. Outside of this statue, other highlights include the three-story pagoda also from Unified Silla, as well as the mural inside the Samseong-gak Hall dedicated to Sanshin (The Mountain Spirit). Overall, the temple has a very relaxing feeling to it.

The Daejeokgwang-jeon Hall.
The “Samcheung Seoktap at Hancheonsa Temple” with the Daejeokgwang-jeon Hall in the background.
One of the Shimu-do (The Ox-Herding Murals) that adorns the main hall.
A ceremonial bell outside the Daejeokgwang-jeon Hall.
A look inside the Daejeokgwang-jeon Hall.
An up-close of the “Iron Seated Vairocana Buddha of Hancheonsa Temple.”
A look up at the beautiful dancheong that adorns the main hall.
The Yaksa-jeon Hall and the hillside Samseong-gak Hall.
A look inside the Yaksa-jeon Hall.
The Samseong-gak Hall at Hancheonsa Temple.
The white statue of Dokseong (The Lonely Saint) inside the Samseong-gak Hall.
The Sanshin (Mountain Spirit) painting inside the Samseong-gak Hall, as well.
And the view from the Samseong-gak Hall.

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