Recent Blog Posts



All Recent Posts

Yeonggot – The Lotus Flower: 연꽃

A Lotus Flower at Gamsansa Temple in Gyeongju.

The Lotus Flower and Korea

In Korean Buddhism, and Buddhism more broadly, the lotus flower is arguably the most popular symbol used. In Korean Buddhism, it can appear almost anywhere including in paintings, latticework, altars, nimbus, mandorla, statues, bells and pedestals.

In general, the lotus flower is associated with faithfulness, spiritual awakening, and purity. Additionally, the lotus flower is also known to symbolize purity of speech, body, and of the mind. The reason for this is that the lotus flower emerges from the muddy and murky water perfectly clean. This symbolism is manifested in the purity of the enlightened mind rising above the muddy midst of the suffering of Samsara.

The different colours of the lotus flower have different meanings. The white lotus flower symbolizes mental purity and spiritual perfection. The red lotus flower represents compassion. The blue lotus flower symbolizes wisdom and intelligence; and thus, it’s typically the colour of the lotus flower that Munsu-bosal (The Bodhisattva of Wisdom) holds. Also, the blue lotus flower is typically depicted as being partially opened. And finally, the gold/yellow lotus flower represents the completion of enlightenment.

A blue lotus flower painting at Haegwangsa Temple in Gijang-gun, Busan.
A whitish-pink lotus flower painting from Naewonsa Temple in Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do.

In addition to all of this symbolic meaning, the lotus flower has a bit of a paradoxical existence in Korean Buddhism. While it is venerated as a symbol of Korean Buddhism, it is also used in daily life, as well. Seeds are used for cooking rice, leaves to brew tea, lotus roots to cook, and the fibers are made to use thread. Thus, a lotus flower has a dual purpose: that of symbolism and that of a practical purpose.

Another interesting fact about the lotus flower outside this dual purpose is in Korean society, in general. In Korea, nearly all ponds are referred to as “yeonmot – 연못” in Korean, which literally means “lotus pond” in English. It’s yet another example of just of pervasive Buddhist language is in Korean.

A painting from inside the Ajanta Caves in India with Padmasambhava holding a lotus flower. (Picture courtesy of here).

The Lotus Flower and India

But before the lotus flower came to symbolize what it does in Korean Buddhism, and in Buddhism more generally, it’s important to take a look at its origins. And for the lotus flower, its origins start in India.

In Buddhist history, the lotus flower made its first appearance when the Hindu deity Brahma visited the Buddha, Seokgamoni-bul (The Historical Buddha) shortly after his enlightenment. At first, the Buddha, Seokgamoni-bul, decided to keep his enlightenment a secret and not share it with any other living beings. However, Brahma urged the Buddha to reconsider, explaining his viewpoint through the usage of the lotus flower as a metaphor.

The metaphor that Brahma would employ when using the lotus flower was to categorize beings into three distinct groups. The first of these groups consists of lotus flowers submerged underwater and seen as beyond redemption. The second symbolic category has the lotus flower growing towards the water’s surface and struggling to break through. This, in effect, represents beings in need of the Buddha’s teachings. And finally, the third group features the lotus flower soaring high above the murky water and into the open air. This symbolizes beings as fully self-sufficient and not requiring salvation having gained enlightenment. While this metaphor might have a bit of a controversy attached to it because of its potential support of the theory of three inherent natures, it also highlights the central significance that the lotus flower plays in Buddhism.

Another interesting feature in Buddhism is that the Buddha, Seokgamoni-bul, never explicitly describes the lotus flower as a noble symbol of spiritual growth in any of the sutras. Instead, the closest we get is the connection to the Lotus Sutra.

Thus, the very transformation of the lotus flower symbol to represent original purity can be attributed to the influence of Indian culture.

The Lotus Flower and China

What’s interesting about the symbolic origins in India is that it didn’t seem to be transferred over to other nations as Buddhism migrated eastward. Instead, it was the Chinese that elevated and appreciated the lotus flower’s ability to remain clean in its muddy surroundings. Indians, on the other hand, considered it commonplace.

Zhou Dunyi (1017-1073). (Picture courtesy of Wikipedia).

In fact, it’s Zhou Dunyi (1017-1073) who is credited with elevating the lotus flower to a revered position in China. His teachings would greatly influence Cheng Hao (1032-1085) and Cheng Yi (1033-1107) both of whom were central to shaping Neo-Confucian thought. Along with Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, Zhou Dunyi also worked with Shao Yong (1011-1077) and Zhang Zai (1020-1077). All would work towards integrating Confucian philosophy with Buddhist thought. This group of scholars would become known as the “Five Great Masters of the Northern Song Dynasty.”

Of all their work, it’s the “Ai Lian Shuo,” or “On Loving the Lotus Flower” in English, that’s the most celebrated and connected to the lotus flower. The text presents the lotus flower as a symbol to help portray the ideal character of a Confucian scholar, elevating it to a position above Tao Yuanming’s (365-427 A.D) chrysanthemum or the Tang Dynasty’s (618–690, 705–907 A.D.) reverence for the peony. In his depiction, Zhou Dunyi emphasizes the lotus flower emerging from murky waters, yet remaining pure, and its fragrant scent spreading far and wide.

Part of the ceiling from the Daegwangbo-jeon Hall at Magoksa Temple in Gongju, Chungcheongnam-do. You can see white cranes, peonies, and lotus flowers. The Daegwangbo-jeon Hall is Korean Treasure #801.

Conclusion

The high regard for the symbolic value of the lotus flower traveled eastward towards the Korean Peninsula. Like so much of Chinese Buddhism that migrated eastward, Korean Buddhism would absorb, incorporate, and then make it artistically and/or doctrinally its own. Such is the case with the lotus flower and all of its various manifestations at Korean Buddhist temples, whether it’s in a painting, a statue, or latticework. They are both stunning and profound in their graceful beauty. So the next time you’re at a Korean Buddhist temple look around at all that the temple has to offer artistically, and you might just be surprised when you spot a lotus flower.

The “Stone Lotus Basin of Beopjusa Temple” at Beopjusa Temple in Boeun, Chungcheongbuk-do, which is National Treasure #64.
The “Flagpole Supports with Lotus Design at Bomunsa Temple Site” in Gyeongju, which is Korean Treasure #910.
The lotus altar seats underneath the “Seated Amitabha Buddha Triad of Muwisa Temple” in Gangjin, Jeollanam-do. The triad is Korean Treasure #1312.
The lotus flower stairs leading up to the Daeung-jeon Hall at Tongdosa Temple in Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do. They are symbolically lifting the main hall above the mire of the everyday world.
Part of the altar inside the Daeung-jeon Hall at Hwanseongsa Temple in Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do. Above the Gareungbinga (Kalavinka) are two lotus flowers. The Daeung-jeon Hall is Korean Treasure #562.
The “Sacred Bell of Great King Seongdeok” that’s located at the Gyeongju National Museum. The historic bell is National Treasure #29.

모습 Appearance | Live Class Abridged

Sunday during my recent live stream I talked about the word 모습. This word means "appearance," "figure," "form," or "image." It's used as a noun (since it is a noun), but it's also used together with verbs (such as action verbs). The full live stream was over two hours, but you can learn about it in just six minutes.

The post 모습 Appearance | Live Class Abridged appeared first on Learn Korean with GO! Billy Korean.

www.GoBillyKorean.com

 Learn Korean with GO! Billy Korean

FOLLOW ME HERE:

Google+   
 

SUBSCRIBE BY EMAIL:

 

Jukjangsa Temple – 죽장사 (Gumi, Gyeongsangbuk-do)

Part of the “Five-Story Stone Pagoda in Jukjang-ri” and the Daeung-jeon Hall at Jukjangsa Temple in Gumi, Gyeongsangbuk-do.

Temple History

Jukjangsa Temple is located below Hyeongje-bong Peak (532 m) in northern Gumi, Gyeongsangnangbuk-do. Jukjangsa Temple is a branch temple of Jikjisa Temple and belongs to the Jogye-jong Order. The temple is believed to have first been founded during the Silla Dynasty (57 B.C. – 935 A.D.). However, the exact date of its founding and by whom are unknown. Additionally, very little is known about the temple’s history until the start of the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910), when the temple was recorded as Jukjangsa Temple in the 29th volume of the “Sinjeungdong-gukyeoseungram” in 1530. So obviously, Jukjangsa Temple existed and was operating at this time. Eventually, however, the temple would fall into disrepair.

The temple would later be rebuilt in 1954 and was named Beopryunsa Temple. After that, it was briefly known as Gakhwangsa Temple. Eventually, it would be renamed Jukjangsa Temple, once more. Then from 1991 to 1994, Jukjangsa Temple expanded with the construction of the Daeung-jeon Hall, the Samseong-gak Hall, and the Yosachae (monks’ dorms).

Jukjangsa Temple is home to National Treasure #130, which is the “Five-Story Stone Pagoda in Jukjang-ri.” It’s believed that the pagoda dates back to Unified Silla (668-935 A.D.).

Temple Layout

You first approach the temple past some farmers’ fields. It’s next to these farmers’ fields, and up a valley under Hyeongje-bong Peak, that you’ll arrive at Jukjangsa Temple. The first thing to greet you at Jukjangsa Temple is the “Five-Story Stone Pagoda in Jukjang-ri.”

The “Five-Story Stone Pagoda in Jukjang-ri” dates back to Unified Silla, and it’s ten metres in height. In total, the pagoda stands five-stories, and it’s the largest extant five-story pagoda in Korea. The pagoda consists of a two-tiered base, and some one hundred pieces of stone were used to build the pagoda. The five roof stones are stair-shaped in design. There is a chamber for enshrining a Buddha statue in the first-story body stone. The entrance of this chamber has small holes on each side. This suggests that there once was a door to this chamber. Each of the roof stones to the five-story structure have their upper and lower surfaces carved into tiers. This was done as a design to mimic brick pagodas. Additionally, the base stone for the finial still remains. It’s believed that this stone pagoda imitating brick pagodas is in the same family of design as other imitation brick pagodas in the area of Andong like the “Seven-Story Brick Pagoda at Beopheungsa Temple Site” and the “Five-Story Brick Pagoda in Unheung-dong, Andong.”

The pagoda has a rather interesting legend associated with it, as well. According to this legend, a brother and sister had a competition to make a five-story stone pagoda. Eventually, the sister won by building the “Five-Story Stone Pagoda in Jukjang-ri” faster than her brother.

Just behind this ever-present pagoda on the Jukjangsa Temple grounds is the temple’s Daeung-jeon Hall. The exterior walls to the main hall are adorned with various Buddhist motif murals like the Bodhidharma and Wonhyo-daesa (617-686 A.D.). The pink floral latticework that adorns the front of the Daeung-jeon Hall is simply stunning. Stepping inside the Daeung-jeon Hall, and sitting on the main altar, is a triad of golden statues that’s centred by an image of Seokgamoni-bul (The Historical Buddha). This statue is joined on either side by images of Munsu-bosal (The Bodhisattva of Wisdom) and Bohyeon-bosal (The Bodhisattva of Power). Hanging on the far right wall is a modern Shinjung Taenghwa (Guardian Mural) with a large, winged helmet image of Dongjin-bosal (The Bodhisattva that Protects the Buddha’s Teachings) in the centre. And spread throughout the entire interior of the Daeung-jeon Hall are wall-to-wall smaller images of various Buddhas like Birojana-bul (The Buddha of Cosmic Energy) and Seokgamoni-bul.

To the left rear of the Daeung-jeon Hall is the Samseong-gak Hall. There are masterful shaman murals housed inside this shrine hall. For example, have a look for the ferocious tiger painted inside the Sanshin (Mountain Spirit) mural, as well as the dour-looking expression on Yongwang’s (The Dragon King) face. There is also a nice mural dedicated to Chilseong (The Seven Stars) inside the Samseong-gak Hall, as well.

How To Get There

From in front of the Gumi Intercity Bus Terminal, there’s a bus stop. From this bus stop, you’ll need to take either Bus #20 or Bus #20-1 that heads towards Seonsan. You’ll need to get off at the Seonsan Terminal, which also just so happens to be the last stop. From the Seonsan Terminal, walk about 200 metres to get to the Seonsan-jongjeom stop. From this stop, you’ll need to take either Bus #38-6 or Bus #338-6. After three stops, or five minutes, get off at the Jukjang-ri stop. From this stop, you’ll need to walk about fifteen minutes to get to Jukjangsa Temple.

Overall Rating: 6.5/10

By far, the main highlight of the temple also just so happens to be a National Treasure. The “Five-Story Stone Pagoda in Jukjang-ri” is stunning in its size and grandeur. Other things to enjoy at Jukjangsa Temple are the shaman murals housed inside the Samseong-gak Hall, as well as the murals that adorn the exterior of the Daeung-jeon Hall. In combination, the Buddhist artwork at Jukjangsa Temple can make for a nice little trip to Gumi, Gyeongsangbuk-do.

The temple grounds at Jukjangsa Temple as you first approach it.
The “Five-Story Stone Pagoda in Jukjang-ri.”
The “Five-Story Stone Pagoda in Jukjang-ri” from the front.
The Daeung-jeon Hall at Jukjangsa Temple.
The pink peonies and lotus flowers that adorn the floral latticework of the main hall.
The painting dedicated to Wonhyo-daesa and Uisang-daesa that adorns one of the exterior walls of the Daeung-jeon Hall.
The painting dedicated to the Bodhidharma that also adorns the exterior of the main hall.
The main altar inside the Daeung-jeon Hall.
And the Shinjung Taenghwa (The Guardian Mural) that also takes up residence inside the Daeung-jeon Hall.
A look towards the “Five-Story Stone Pagoda in Jukjang-ri” from the Daeung-jeon Hall.
The painting dedicated to Sanshin (The Mountain Spirit) with a ferocious tiger inside the Samseong-gak Hall.
Joined by this mural dedicated to Yongwang (The Dragon King).

Koreans Talk Out Loud Differently

Did you know that Koreans speak differently when talking to themselves than when talking to others? This requires not only using Casual Speech, but a few other tips as well. This sort of speech is known as 혼잣말 ("talking to oneself") and has slightly different rules than other spoken Korean.

The post Koreans Talk Out Loud Differently appeared first on Learn Korean with GO! Billy Korean.

Moran – The Peony: 모란

A Peonies Painting at Anyangam Hermitage on the Tongdosa Temple Grounds in Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do.

Introduction

Next to the lotus flower, arguably the second most popular flower you’ll find at a Korean Buddhist temple is the peony, which is known as “moran – 모란” in Korean. The peony represents loyalty, prosperity, beauty, good fortune, and wealth. Additionally, while the lotus flower is symbolic of spiritual growth within Buddhism, the peony is associated with religious nobility and dignity.

In addition to peonies appearing alone at Korean Buddhist temples, they can also be joined by other flowers like the rose. If a peony and a rose appear together in a Buddhist painting, this is meant to symbolize wealth, honour, and a long spring. However, if a peony appears alongside a stone or a peach, this combination is meant to symbolize a wish for a long spring.

As for their appearance, they are typically painted from the side or above. This is meant to display a sense of abundance and fullness. This is emphasized through their overflowing petals.

The Ggotsalmun – Floral Latticework Doors

As for where you’re most likely to find peonies at a Korean Buddhist temple, the most obvious is the floral latticework, known as “Ggotsalmun – 꽃살문” in Korean, adorning the front of temple shrine halls in Korea. This style of latticework is known as the “Upright Diagonal Floral Grid” in English. This style of latticework is a mixture of floral and geometric designs. There are three potential styles of latticework that adorn the exterior of a temple shrine hall, but this is the most popular kind. Typically, you’ll find lotus flowers, peonies, sunflowers, and chrysanthemums comprising the flowers that might appear in these lattices. These flowers can appear in a variety of ways including the abstract. Typically, these flowers are wood and are painted in vibrant colors. They usually have four or six petals with six being the most common design. And the reason for these floral designs, including peonies, adorning the front of temple shrine halls is that they are meant to pay respect and reverence to the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas housed inside the perspective shrine halls.

A butterfly and peonies painting from inside the Yaksa-jeon Hall at Gwanryongsa Temple in Changnyeong, Gyeongsangnam-do.

Queen Seondeok of Silla and Peonies

As to the historical context of the peony in Korean society, and Buddhism in particular, there are a couple of interesting tales.

During the Tang Dynasty (618 to 907 A.D.), peonies were held in high regard. In fact, they were held in higher regard than lotus flowers, especially with the general public. The reason that peonies were so popular during the Tang Dynasty is that they were associated with prosperity and good luck. That’s why they earned the nickname at this time as the “king of flowers.”

This interpretation of the symbolism behind the peony was similar in Korea to that found in China. In fact, in the “Samguk Yusa,” or “Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms” in English, there’s a story about the peony and Queen Seondeok of Silla (r. 632-647 A.D.). This is that story:

“The twenty-seventh sovereign of Sill was Queen Deokman (posthumous title Seondeok, 632-647 A.D.). She was the daughter of King Jinpyheong (579–632 A.D.) and ascended the throne in the sixth year (Imjin) of Emperor Taizong of Tang. During her reign, she made three remarkable prophecies.

“First, the Emperor Taizong of Tang (r. 626-649 A.D.) sent her a gift of three handfuls of peony seeds with a picture of the flowers in red, white, and purple. The Queen looked at the picture for awhile and said, ‘The flowers will have no fragrance.’ The peonies were planted in the palace garden, and sure enough they had no odour from the time they bloomed until they faded…

“During her lifetime the courtiers asked the Queen how she had been able to make these prophecies. She replied: ‘In the picture there were flowers but no butterflies, an indication that peonies have no smell. The Tang Emperor teased me about having no husband.”

The “Stone Brick Pagoda of Bunhwangsa Temple” in Gyeongju.

What is noteworthy about this story is how Queen Seondeok of Silla felt slighted by the absence of butterflies in the painting. The absence of butterflies was thought to symbolize the queen and the beautiful, yet scentless, flower. As a response, or at least according to a legend, it’s believed that Queen Seondeok of Silla founded Bunhwangsa Temple, which means “Fragrance of the Emperor Temple” in English. And Bunhwangsa Temple is home to the “Stone Brick Pagoda of Bunhwangsa Temple.” During a renovation on the pagoda, a stone reliquary was discovered inside the pagoda. And found inside this reliquary were pieces of green glass, beads, scissors, and gold and silver needles. It’s believed by some that Queen Seondeok of Silla placed these feminine items inside the brick pagoda as a response to Emperor Taizong of Tang and his peony painting.

However, it should be noted that there is some debate about the emperor’s intentions behind omitting butterflies in the peony painting. Some have argued that the absence of the butterflies was caused by the similarity found in the sound of the Chinese character for “butterflies” and the Chinese character referring to elderly people in their seventies and eighties. If this premise holds true, the presence of butterflies in the peony painting would suggest a wish for the recipient’s prosperity only after reaching their seventies and/or eighties. Nonetheless, it seems improbable that the people of Silla, including the monk Ilyeon (1206 – 1289), who wrote the “Samguk Yusa” much later during the Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392), were ignorant of such a symbolic tradition. As a result, Queen Seondeok of Silla’s interpretation of the absence of butterflies in the peony painting seems reasonable.

Queen Seondeok of Silla would be instrumental in the founding of several other prominent temples in Korea including the completion of Hwangnyongsa Temple, Sangwonsa Temple, Tongdosa Temple, Woljeongsa Temple, and Magoksa Temple. Perhaps this slight inspired her to create some of Korea’s most famous temples.

Seol Chong (650-730 A.D.). (Picture courtesy of Wikipedia).

Seol Chong and “The Warnings of the Flower King”

Additionally, Seol Chong (650-730 A.D.), who was the son of Wonhyo-daesa (617-686 A.D.), and a leading scholar of Unified Silla (668-935 A.D.), used the well-known symbolism of the peony in his work “The Warnings of the Flower King – 화왕계/花王戒.” In this story, the king is associated with the peony, while the antagonist in the story is represented by the rose. The story is a parable that was written for King Sinmun of Silla (r. 681–691). This parable, which is a criticism of monarchs valuing personal pleasure over righteous rule, is repeated/paraphrased in the “Samguk Sagi,” or “History of the Three Kingdoms” in English.

Specifically, the “Samguk Sagi” tells of how the peony, the king of flowers, is faced with choosing between the rose and the Pulsatilla flower for his vassal. The rose flaunts her beauty and seductiveness to appeal to the peony king, while the modest-looking Pulsatilla flower promises her undying loyalty. Enchanted by the roses’ beauty, the king leans toward choosing the rose, which makes the Pulsatilla flower lament how rare it is for a king to befriend honest and loyal people. Instead of making friends with these types of people, the king would prefer treacherous individuals. Hearing this, the peony king admits to being foolish and making a foolish mistake in choosing the rose over the Pulsatilla flower. As a result, the peony king ultimately chooses the Pulsatilla flower for his loyal official over that of the rose.

Two more peonies paintings from inside the Yaksa-jeon Hall at Gwanryongsa Temple.
Peonies adorning the floral latticework at Yongdeoksa Temple in Yongin, Gyeonggi-do.

Moved by Seol Chong’s beautiful writing and wise words, King Sinmun of Silla ordered that the story be included in historical records to serve as a lesson for the future rulers of Silla. The story would also win Seol’s friendship with the king. Seol would attain high governmental positions, while also leading the study of Silla’s culture and heritage. Seol would go on to write a countless amount of works on the two main belief systems in Silla: Confucianism and Buddhism.

Conclusion

The symbolism of peonies have a long history in Korean culture and Korean Buddhism. They appear in both the “Samguk Yusa” and the “Samguk Sagi” as tales of loyalty and betrayal. These tales would help found famed temples, while also tempering the rule of future royalty and Silla society. Not only is the peony beautiful, but it’s also represents prosperity, beauty, good fortune, and loyalty in both Korean culture and Korean Buddhism. So the next time you’re at a Korean Buddhist temple, have a look around for this beautiful flower.

The floral ceiling from inside the Palsang-jeon Hall at Beomeosa Temple in Busan. Can you spot the peonies?

무조건 – One Word. Several Meanings. | Korean FAQ

무조건 means "unconditionally," but can be used in several different situations and translates in a variety of ways. In this video (which was suggested by one of my supporters) I cover all of the most essential uses of the word 무조건.

The post 무조건 – One Word. Several Meanings. | Korean FAQ appeared first on Learn Korean with GO! Billy Korean.

Deoksansa Temple (Naewonsa Temple) – 덕산사 (Sancheong, Gyeongsangnam-do)

The “Stone Seated Vairocana Buddha from Seongnamamsa Temple Site” at Deoksansa Temple (formerly Naewonsa Temple) in Sancheong, Gyeongsangnam-do.

Temple History

Deoksansa Temple, which was formerly known as Naewonsa Temple, is located in the eastern part of Jirisan National Park in Sancheong, Gyeongsangnam-do. Deoksansa Temple was first established in 657 A.D. purportedly by the famed monk Wonhyo-daesa (617-686 A.D.).

The temple was later reconstructed by Muyeom-guksa (801-888 A.D.) during the ninth century. It was at this time that the temple was quite popular thanks in large part to Muyeom-guksa’s influence and reputation. It was at this time that the temple was originally known as Deoksansa Temple only to be changed to Naewonsa Temple during the Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392). Naewonsa Temple means “Inner House Temple” in English. During the Confucian-oriented policies of the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910), and like so many other Buddhist temples at this time, the temple fell into disrepair. The temple would completely be destroyed during the Imjin War (1592-98). The temple would partially be repaired only to be further damaged during the Korean War (1950-53). Then in 1959, and under the guidance of the monk Wongyeong, the temple was re-established in its present incarnation.

Up until March 26th, 2021, the temple was most recently known as Naewonsa Temple; however, after a roof tile was discovered with the name Deoksansa Temple on it during an excavation, the name reverted back to its original name. In English, Deoksansa Temple means “Virtue Mountain Temple.”

Deoksansa Temple is home to one Korean Treasure, it’s the “Three-Story Stone Pagoda of Deoksansa Temple,” which is Korean Treasure #1113. The temple is also home to National Treasure #233-1, which is the “Stone Seated Vairocana Buddha from Seongnamamsa Temple Site.”

Temple Layout

Deoksansa Temple is located up a long valley. And next to the temple grounds flows a beautiful stream. As you first enter the main temple courtyard, you’ll immediately notice to your left a collection of buildings that include the administrative office. And to your right, you’ll notice the monks’ dorms.

Straight ahead, on the other hand, and under a rounded mountain top, are a set of three shrine halls. Out in front of these three shrine halls is the “Three-Story Stone Pagoda of Deoksansa Temple.” It’s believed that the pagoda dates back to the latter years of the Unified Silla (668-935 A.D.). The pagoda consists of a two-story platform on which a three-story body stands. The carvings that adorn the pagoda are pillars. They are clearly seen on the platform and pagoda body. However, these carvings were serious damaged by fire. The body stones are thin and flat. And each of the edges of the eaves stretch upwards. The finial of the pagoda no longer exists, and the body of the pagoda has been damaged in places. During the 1950s, the pagoda received damage caused by treasure hunters. More recently, and fortunately for us, the pagoda has been restored to its past form by the monk Hong Jinsik.

Standing behind the “Three-Story Stone Pagoda of Deoksansa Temple” is the diminutive Daeung-jeon Hall. The exterior walls are adorned with a collection of fading Shimu-do (Ox-Herding Murals), as well as other Buddhist-related murals. As for the interior of the compact main hall, you’ll find a triad of statues on the main altar centred by Seokgamoni-bul (The Historical Buddha). This image is flanked on either side by images of Munsu-bosal (The Bodhisattva of Wisdom) and Bohyeon-bosal (The Bodhisattva of Power). To the left of the main altar is a vibrant mural dedicated to Jijang-bosal (The Bodhisattva of the Afterlife). What’s interesting about this mural are the various scenes from the Underworld at the base of the mural. To the right of the main altar, on the other hand, is a new Shinjung Taenghwa (Guardian Mural).

To the left of the Daeung-jeon Hall is the newest of the three shrine halls. The exterior walls are adorned in simple dancheong colours and patterns. As for the interior, you’ll find the stunning “Stone Seated Vairocana Buddha from Seongnamamsa Temple Site,” which is National Treasure #233-1. The statue depicts Birojana-bul (The Buddha of Cosmic Energy), and it’s made of granite. In total, the statue and base measure 2.11 metres in height with just the statue alone standing 1.08 metres in height. A reliquary was discovered inside the statue that had an inscription on it. In total, there were 136 Chinese characters written over 15 lines. The inscription indicated that the statue was made in 766 A.D. This makes the statue the oldest in Korea with the Wisdom Fist mudra (ritualized hand gesture). This mudra has the right index finger placed inside the left hand. This is the most distinguishing feature of Birojana-bul. Originally, this statue was located at a temple site on Mt. Jirisan. Later, two brothers from Seongnam-ri Village took the statue to their house. Eventually, it was given to Naewonsa Temple (now Deoksansa Temple) in 1959.

As for the design of the “Stone Seated Vairocana Buddha from Seongnamamsa Temple Site,” it has a large protruding part to its head, which symbolizes the Buddha’s wisdom. There are also three creases under its neck. These are meant to symbolize the “three destinies” of affliction, actions, and suffering. The robe falls over both of its shoulders, and its folds are carved with surprising detail, especially when you consider the statue’s age. Situated behind the statue is what remains of the mandorla. Overall, the statue is beautifully designed and well-balanced.

The third, and final, shrine hall that visitors can explore at Deoksansa Temple is the Samseong-gak Hall, which is located to the right of the Daeung-jeon Hall. According to the ever knowledgeable Prof. David Mason, the Samseong-gak Hall used to be divided into three separate rooms with each shaman deity occupying a room with its own signboard over its respective entrance. However, in 2007, these walls were taken down for a more open style to the shaman shrine hall.

When you first enter the Samseong-gak Hall, you’ll be greeted by an older-looking mural dedicated to Chilseong (The Seven Stars). Of particular interest is the central image of Jeseok-bul (Indra) that has a manja symbol on its chest. Sitting in the centre of the main altar is a stone statue dedicated to Cheonwang-bosal, who is better known as Cheonwang-bong Seongmo-halmae. To the right of this stone statue is a bronze statue of Gwanseeum-bosal (The Bodhisattva of Compassion). Next to the bronze Gwanseeum-bosal is a vibrant painting of Dokseong (The Lonely Saint). And next to this painting is a folkish mural dedicated to Sanshin (The Mountain Spirit). The final painting inside the Samseong-gak Hall is dedicated to Yongwang (The Dragon King), which hangs on the far right wall. The interior of this shaman shrine hall is both striking and highly original.

How To Get There

From the Jinju Intercity Bus Terminal, you’ll need to catch a bus that reads, “Daewonsa Hang,” on it, which means “Towards Daewonsa” in English. This bus comes every 40 minutes. From this bus, you’ll need to get off at “Daepo.” From the Jinju Intercity Bus Terminal to Daepo, it takes about an hour. And from Daepo to Deoksansa Temple, you’ll need to walk about 2.6 km to get to the temple. There are signs along the way that should guide you the rest of the way.

Overall Rating: 7.5/10

Overall, Deoksansa Temple, which was formerly known as Naewonsa Temple, has a quaint and intimate feel to it. In addition to the beautiful Jirisan National part that surrounds the temple, you’ll also find the “Three-Story Stone Pagoda of Deoksansa Temple” and the “Stone Seated Vairocana Buddha from Seongnamamsa Temple Site,” which is the oldest of its kind in Korea. That’s probably the reason it was recently named as a National Treasure. In addition to these rather obvious highlights, you can also enjoy all the shamanic artwork inside the Samseong-gak Hall, as well as the interior of the Daeung-jeon Hall. While not as obvious as other temples in Jirisan National Park like Ssanggyesa Temple or Hwaeomsa Temple, Deoksansa Temple is definitely worth a visit to the eastern regions of the park.

The stream next to Deoksansa Temple.
The three shrine halls at Deoksansa Temple.
The “Three-Story Stone Pagoda of Deoksansa Temple.”
One of the Shimu-do (Ox-Herding Murals) that adorns the exterior of the Daeung-jeon Hall.
The main altar inside the Daeung-jeon Hall.
An up-close of Seokgamoni-bul (The Historical Buddha).
The mural dedicated to Jijang-bosal (The Bodhisattva of the Afterlife) to the left of the main altar.
The Samseong-gak Hall at Deoksansa Temple.
The main altar inside the shaman shrine hall.
The older mural dedicated to Chilseong (The Seven Stars) inside the Samseong-gak Hall.
The stone statue of Cheonwang-bosal inside the shaman shrine hall.
Joined by this vibrant painting dedicated to Dokseong (The Lonely Saint).
The folkish mural dedicated to Sanshin (The Mountain Spirit) inside the Samseong-gak Hall, as well.
And this painting dedicated to Yongwang (The Dragon King).
A look at the “Stone Seated Vairocana Buddha from Seongnamamsa Temple Site” housed to the left of the Daeung-jeon Hall.
The “Stone Seated Vairocana Buddha from Seongnamamsa Temple Site” from a different angle.
And an up-close of the historic statue dedicated to Birojana-bul (The Buddha of Cosmic Energy), which also just so happens to be the oldest of its kind in Korea.

My Korean language exchange was a TOTAL DISASTER!

I tried out a new language exchange app to meet some native Korean speakers, and here's what happened.

This was a collab video with the Choi Sisters. If you don't know who they are, we've done several videos together in the past and they make videos teaching Korean, Korean culture and food, and travel. We had a blast filming it, and want your ideas for what we should do next!

The post My Korean language exchange was a TOTAL DISASTER! appeared first on Learn Korean with GO! Billy Korean.

Korean Grammar Checker – Your Personal Mistake Catcher

Have you ever wished you had a native Korean tutor next to you to check your writing?

If so, then a Korean grammar checker may be just what you need!

A guy holding a book with a Korean flag on the cover while using a magnifying glass

This tool can help find errors and correct them on the spot to help you learn how to use Korean grammar properly, especially when you self-study.

In this article, we’ll show you the ins and outs of using a Korean grammar checker to supercharge your Korean language skills. We’ll also introduce the top Korean grammar checkers we recommend.

Quick Summary

✅ Korean grammar checkers help identify and correct grammar, syntax, punctuation, and spelling errors in Korean texts.

✅ The Korean Grammar checkers we recommend are Pusan National University’s Korean Spelling/Grammar Checker, Naver Grammar Checker, Daum Grammar Checker, and the kGrammar app.

✅ Most of these tools interfaces are in Korean, so they will be more handy if you are an intermediate or advanced Korean learner.

✅ These tools can definitely help you learn Korean grammar, but you need to make sure you also balance out learning the basics; don’t just rely on the tools.

What is a Korean Grammar Checker?

A Korean grammar checker is a tool made to help check grammar mistakes or errors in Korean texts. It functions as a sentence analyzer.

For example, if you enter this sentence “학교에 않갈거예요” to a grammar checker, it will return with “학교에 안 갈 거예요.”

In this case, 않갈거예요 is using incorrect spelling and spacing. It removes the “않” and replaces it with “안.” Then, it adds in the appropriate spacing, which makes it 안 갈 거예요.

않갈거예요 –>안 갈 거예요.

Similar to the grammar tool “Grammarly” for the English language, a Korean grammar checker gives feedback on grammar, syntax, punctuation, spelling, and sometimes style or clarity issues.

This will be useful to you as a Korean learner. Native Koreans also use this to make sure their writing is correct.

Korean Grammar Checkers Tools for Korean Language Learners

Grammar checkers will help you understand complex grammar rules. With the help of these tools, you can easily check for errors and quickly grasp the proper sentence structure because they offer immediate feedback.

Once you start using grammar checkers, you’ll realize that they’re more than just a tool for checking sentences. You will already be able to identify the parts of a sentence and improve the related grammar rules. As a result, you gain a deeper understanding of Korean and become more confident in using it in various situations.

Top Korean Grammar Checkers

We’ve analyzed the top Korean grammar checkers, and here are the ones we recommend:

  • Pusan National University’s Korean Spelling/Grammar Checker (한국어 맞춤법/문법 검사기)
  • Naver Grammar Checker (네이버 맞춤법 검사기)
  • Daum Grammar Checker (다음 맞춤법 검사기)
  • kGrammar (App)

1. Pusan National University’s Korean Spelling/Grammar Checker (한국어 맞춤법/문법 검사기)

To use Pusan National University’s Korean grammar checker, just paste your text into the field and click on the blue button that says “검사하기.” It is very simple to use.

If there are any errors in your work, you will see the corrections on the left side of the screen. If you click on the suggestion, it will correct the part where the error was.

If you want to try a new text, click on the green button that says “다시 쓰기” (rewrite).

This Korean grammar checker is recommended for intermediate and advanced learners since it is entirely in Korean.

2. Naver Grammar Checker (네이버 맞춤법 검사기)

Naver Grammar Checker is another tool you can use to check your grammar. It is recommended to get a quick correction on grammatical errors including spacings and spellings.

To use it, type your sentences in the box and click on the green button below the box that says “검사하기 (check).”

This Korean grammar checker is also recommended for intermediate and advanced learners since it is entirely in Korean.

3. Daum Grammar Checker (다음 맞춤법 검사기)

Daum Grammar Checker is also a very simple tool to use. This Korean grammar checker can check your text up to 1000 characters at a time.

Type or paste your text into the text box where you can enter the Korean text you want to check for grammar or spelling errors. Then click the “검사하기” (check) button to check.

To clear the field to rewrite, click 다시쓰기 (rewrite). If you’d like to use the corrected text, you can copy it by clicking 교정문 복사 (copy correction)

This tool will give you any grammatical or spelling errors it finds immediately. Based on the suggestions, you can review and correct these errors.

This Korean grammar checker is also recommended for intermediate and advanced learners since it is entirely in Korean.

3. kGrammar (App)

The kGrammar is an app with a clean interface and is accessible to learners at all levels. It features a spell-checking tool that you can use to type in your sentences to get corrections.

With this app, you can look up any Korean grammar rule from its database by typing a keyword in the search bar.

The app also has a function to save a topic so you can study it later. Another great function that you can use is real-time correction and access to learning resources.

Practical Tips for Using Korean Grammar Checkers

Incorporating a Korean grammar checker into your daily learning routine is very useful. Here are some practical tips and common mistakes to avoid.

Best Practices for using grammar checkers in your daily learning routines:

  • Consistent Use: Check your practice sentences after your study sessions using grammar checkers to get used to the correct grammar usage.
  • Active Learning: As you get the corrections, check your work and learn from your mistakes.
  • Diverse Application: Expose yourself to various rules and contexts by applying grammar checkers across different types of writing. For example, use it when writing things such as text messages or emails to a friend, a personal diary, or a speech.

Common mistakes:

  • Overreliance: Remember to use them as a supplement only.
  • Ignoring context: Grammar checkers can sometimes fail to grasp the context fully. Review suggestions to make sure they fit the intended meaning.
  • Skipping fundamentals: These tools won’t replace the required studying of grammar rules and practice.

What to do next after using grammar checkers

Now you know what grammar checkers are and how they can help with your Korean language learning journey. Once you start using them, you may be wondering: What’s next?

Check out these tools that go hand in hand with grammar checkers:

If you’re ready to take Korean learning to the next level, you might want to consider looking for an online Korean course that suits your needs. You can learn more about our courses and join us here. You can learn the fundamentals and put your knowledge to the test with the grammar checkers.

화이팅 (hwaiting)! ^^

The post Korean Grammar Checker – Your Personal Mistake Catcher appeared first on 90 Day Korean.

Learn to read Korean and be having simple conversations, taking taxis and ordering in Korean within a week with our FREE Hangeul Hacks series: http://www.90DayKorean.com/learn

Korean lessons   *  Korean Phrases    *    Korean Vocabulary *   Learn Korean   *    Learn Korean alphabet   *   Learn Korean fast   *  Motivation    *   Study Korean  

 


Please share, help Korean spread! 
facebooktwittergoogle_plus

 

 

Pages

Subscribe to Koreabridge MegaBlog Feed